Then
I saw an angel coming down from heaven, holding in his hand the key to the
bottomless pit and a great chain. And he seized the dragon, that ancient
serpent, who is the devil and Satan, and bound him for a thousand years, and
threw him into the pit, and shut it and sealed it over him, so that he might
not deceive the nations any longer, until the thousand years were ended. After
that he must be released for a little while. Then I saw thrones, and seated on
them were those to whom the authority to judge was committed. Also I saw the
souls of those who had been beheaded for the testimony of Jesus and for the
word of God, and those who had not worshiped the beast or its image and had not
received its mark on their foreheads or their hands. They came to life and reigned
with Christ for a thousand years. The rest of the dead did not come to life
until the thousand years were ended. This is the first resurrection. Blessed
and holy is the one who shares in the first resurrection! Over such the second
death has no power, but they will be priests of God and of Christ, and they will
reign with him for a thousand years. (Revelation
20:1-6 ESV).
Of all the aspects of the study of the last things, perhaps none is more controversial than the millennium, or “thousand year reign”. Even in an era when many people do not devote much effort to studying theology, much time is spent trying to figure out the teaching on the millennium in our reading today. The different millennial positions can be attributed in part to the highly symbolic nature of the language in Revelation. It can be difficult to know when to take the book figuratively and when to take it literally. Furthermore, these verses today are the only passage in Scripture that deals with the millennial reign of Christ explicitly. Because the data is limited, there is a greater propensity for divergence in interpretation because there is little else to directly confirm one’s view.
In the history of Christian theology,
three major millennial views have been advocated. First is the premillennial
view. This position holds that the one thousand years in Revelation should be
read as an actual time designation, that when Christ returns He will reign over
an earthly kingdom that will last for a literal one thousand years, after which
the new heavens and earth will arrive. The amillennial interpretation of
Revelation 20 affirms a figurative view of the millennium. The entire period
between the ascension and return of Christ is the millennium, which means that
it is much longer than an actual one thousand years. Christ is ruling now over
a spiritual kingdom that will be immediately consummated at His return, and the
new heavens and earth will then be in place. Finally, the postmillennial
position agrees with amillennialism that the millennium will take place before
the return of Jesus. However, postmillennialism holds that there will be a time
of widespread peace and prosperity before Christ’s return that will result from
the preaching of the gospel. Great numbers of people will be converted and
society will be transformed, and then Jesus will return. This is different from
amillennialism, which says things will mostly continue as they are until Christ
returns, with the gospel spreading widely in some places and being resisted in
others.
Good and godly Christians have differed
over this matter, so it is difficult to hold any of these views too strongly.
Whatever view one holds, what we must affirm is that Christ is ruling and
reigning over the cosmos now. For He has been exalted to God’s right hand and
must reign until all things are put under His feet (cf. 1 Corinthians 15:25). Given
the disagreements over the millennium in church history, it is wise to hold our
millennial views with humility. We should not divide with others who affirm the
present reign of Christ over His kingdom if they differ with us on their
millennial view. Instead, we should work together to proclaim the present reign
of Christ and His command for all people to repent and bow to His lordship.
And, gladly accept that while we do not know all the particulars of this
prophecy, we DO know Jesus will reign and the devil will be chained and thrown
into the lake of fire forever! That is the good news of the work of Christ!
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